Words can lie. Actions rarely do—unless someone is a really good actor/actress. But taking that element out, there’s a reason for the saying, “Actions speak louder than words.” I talked a lot about subtext in the last two posts. So, let’s dig a little deeper into the topic one more time.

For example, a fictional character may say, “I’m fine.” But the tremble in her hands is in direct contrast with her words.

Another character may say, “I don’t care.” But the lingering look over his shoulder says he does.

When you layer subtext into your scenes through a character’s actions, gestures, and environment, your story becomes more immersive, emotional, and authentic.

So, let’s break these down. Let’s talk about them one by one.

Subtext Through Body Language

A character’s nonverbal cues can say what their mouth doesn’t. This kind of subtext is perfect for showing internal conflict, hidden feelings, or lies without having to “tell” the reader what’s going on in the character’s head. (Think show, don’t tell here as well.)

Examples:

Clenched fists = anger, frustration, patience being tried.

Avoiding eye contact = guilt, insecurity, fear.

Tight smile = masking pain or resentment.

Narrowed eyes = anger, rage, intense concentration.

Shifting weight or fidgeting = nervousness, discomfort.

Crossing arms = defensiveness or closed-off emotion, also a self-protection action.

On the surface: “I’m happy for you,” she said. Subtext: She forced a smile, arms crossed. Then turned her head and blinked fast to keep the tears from escaping.

Subtext Through Repetitive or Ritualized Actions

When a character does the same thing repeatedly—organizing, cleaning, double-checking locks—it may show anxiety, fear, or a desperate need for control (like OCD).

Example (from Code of Valor by Lynette Eason):

Emily avoids mirrors. She says it’s because she’s busy, but her constant glance away from reflective surfaces shows deep insecurity and shame.

Remember: Subtext can show long-held emotional wounds without the character ever naming them.

Subtext in Setting and Environment

The setting itself can become a powerful tool for subtext when it reflects the emotional state of the character or reinforces a theme.

Examples:

A spotless kitchen in a chaotic household might suggest a character who is desperate for control in just one area of her life.

A neglected garden could mirror grief, depression, or loss of hope. Or someone who’s just too busy to stop and take care of it.

A character sleeping on the couch while claiming everything is “fine” in their marriage adds silent tension to the scene.

Subtext Through What’s Missing

Sometimes, the absence of something is just as telling as its presence.

Examples:

No family photos in a character’s home = disconnection or unresolved pain, someone who doesn’t want to be associated with a family, and so on.

A character avoiding one particular room = a past event they can’t face (divorce, death of a loved one, etc.).

Carefully untouched belongings = grief not yet processed.

Quick Scene Exercise: Show, Don’t Tell

Write a short paragraph using only body language and setting to reveal that your character is (pick one):

• Angry
• Heartbroken
• Anxious
• Hiding something
• Terrified of the person she loves the most.

Don’t use the actual emotion word. Let the reader feel it through what your character does, how they move, and what their space looks like.

Remember, your characters don’t need to speak to reveal their feelings, emotions, or thoughts. Let their actions speak louder than their words.